I should have learned some technical German instead of just the street slang for drinking and... ummm... other fun things.
Looks like it's a modification for SSB tuning (Umstimmung) that doesn't affect AM or FM. Which sounds like an "unlocked clarifier", but only on SSB. Could be for tuning the IF, though, to change the center of the SSB signal. I think it also kills auto squelch (ASQ) in SSB modes.
They do tell you to glue the wire down so vibration doesn't make it break at the solder joints, which was nice of them to do.
They add one transistor based on the part number given and the author says (I think) it's what he had on hand, so the it sounds like any transistor that's close in spec should do. The added transistor has it's collector connected to the component with the red dot, the emitter to the zero ohm resistor, and the wire connects the base to the collector of another transistor, shown in the picture. I can't tell if you're supposed to isolate any component leads before adding the transistor.