You can now help support WorldwideDX when you shop on Amazon at no additional cost to you! Simply follow this Shop on Amazon link first and a portion of any purchase is sent to WorldwideDX to help with site costs.
You are right that ground wave propagation is limited to frequencies below about 3 MHz. Ground wave specifically refers to propagation that extends the surface wave beyond the horizon or line of sight. Not to be confused with skip. When a low frequency signal travels over the surface of the earth, it induces currents into the ground. These induced currents have the effect of pulling the wavefront down, causing it to follow the curve of the earth producing ground wave. However, groundwave is not the only propagation that takes place below 3 MHz.
Practically speaking yes but not exactly true. Groundwaves that are horizontally polarised do exist however their range is very much less than vertically polarised groundwaves due to greater attenuation.
This forum does not allow a single user to have more than one username. If anyone wants to change their username contact an admin and it will be done. Multiple accounts belonging to the same member will be deleted without warning.